As of July 2026, a total of 302 published papers have cited and adopted Wang et al.'s CDF-Zipf model (and/or PDF-Zipf model). These papers can be categorized into seven groups according to their domains: Password cracking, Password-based cryptographic protocols, Password Policies, Password Leakage detection, Password Hashing algorithms, Password encryption, and Password characteristic analysis. The details are as follows:



### 1 Password cracking
1.1 [IEEE S&P'26] "MAYA: Addressing Inconsistencies in Generative Password Guessing through a Unified Benchmark", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11573436
1.2 [EUROCRYPT'26] "Super-Quadratic Quantum Speed-ups and Guessing Many Likely Keys", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-25291-3_16
1.3 [ACM CCS'21] "Chunk-Level Password Guessing: Towards Modeling Refined Password Composition Representations", https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460120.3484743
1.4 [RAID'24] "Prob-Hashcat: Accelerating Probabilistic Password Guessing with Hashcat by Hundreds of Times", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3678890.3678919
1.5 [IEEE TIFS'24] "GuessFuse: Hybrid Password Guessing With Multi-View", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10466588
1.6 [IEEE TIFS'24] "Privacy-Preserving Password Cracking: How a Third Party Can Crack Our Password Hash Without Learning the Hash Value or the Cleartext", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10409543
1.7 [IEEE TIFS'21] "Leet Usage and Its Effect on Password Security", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9316928
1.8 [IEEE TIFS'20] "Centralized vs decentralized targeted brute-force attacks: Guessing with side-information", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9127480
1.9 [IEEE TIFS'20] "TransPCFG: Transferring the Grammars from Short Passwords to Guess Long Passwords Effectively", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9121288
1.10 [IEEE TIFS'19] "Why Botnets Work: Distributed Brute-force Attacks Need No Synchronization", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8629000
1.11 [ICICS'22] "Improving Deep Learning Based Password Guessing Models Using Pre-processing", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-15777-6_10
1.12 [ICICS'21] "Studies of Keyboard Patterns in Passwords: Recognition, Characteristics and Strength Evolution", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-86890-1_9
1.13 [Cybersecurity'24] "Honey password vaults tolerating leakage of both personally identifiable information and passwords", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42400-024-00236-6#citeas
1.14 [COSE'22] "Cognitively Reconfigurable Mimic-Based Heterogeneous Password Recovery System", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404822000669
1.15 [FGCS'24] "Password cracking using chunk similarity", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X23003382
1.16 [Supercomput'24] "An efficient heterogeneous parallel password recovery system on MT-3000", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-024-06532-9
1.17 [JISA'23] "Using language-specific input methods and pronunciation rules to improve the guesses of passwords", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212623001722
1.18 [Electronics'25] "Similarities: The Key Factors Influencing Cross-Site Password Guessing Performance", https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/5/945
1.19 [EIECT'24] "Ru-PCFG: Password Guessing Model Combining PCFG and Word Transformation", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10866533
1.20 [IEEE Access'21] "Reconfigurable and High-Efficiency Password Recovery Algorithms Based on HRCA", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9328759
1.21 [CSAE'20] "Trie Tree Probabilistic Password Cracking Method Based on FPGA", https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3424978.3425021
1.22 [HPSC'20] "PassGAN Based Honeywords System for Machine-Generated Passwords Database", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9123038
1.23 [IEEE CyberC'18] "Algorithm to Generate Password Structure Dictionary Based on Gene Bank", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8644557


### 2 Password-based cryptographic protocols
2.1 [IEEE S&P'25] "Security Analysis of Master-Password-Protected Password Management Protocols", https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yihe-Duan-3/
2.2 [ACM CCS'19] "How to (not) Share a Password: Privacy Preserving Protocols for Finding Heavy Hitters with Adversarial Behavior", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3319535.3363204
2.3 [ESA'24] "An efficient and secure CLAKA protocol for blockchain-aided wireless body area networks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0957417423032426
2.4 [ESORICS'22] "Quantum-Resistant Password-Based Threshold Single-Sign-On Authentication with Updatable Server Private Key", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-17146-8_15
2.5 [IEEE TIFS'26] "UC-Secure Multi-Factor Authentication With Dynamic Password Recovery and Fine-Grained Access Control", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11553242
2.6 [IEEE TIFS'25] "Healthcare Security: Post-Quantum Continuous Authentication With Behavioral Biometrics Using Vector Similarity Search", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10844884
2.7 [IEEE TIFS'25] "HTOTP: Honey time-based one-time passwords", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10919149
2.8 [IEEE TDSC'25] "Practical two-factor authentication protocol for real-time data access in WSNs", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10976572
2.9 [IEEE TMC'25] "PAC-MC: An Efficient Password-Based Access Control Framework for Time Sequence Aware Media Cloud", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10856390
2.10 [IEEE TIFS'24] "SAE+: One-Round Provably Secure Asymmetric SAE Protocol for Client-Server Model", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10458084
2.11 [IEEE TIFS'24] "AB-PAKE: Achieving Fine-Grained Access Control and Flexible Authentication", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10531284
2.12 [IEEE TIFS'24] "Robust Multi-Factor Authentication for WSNs With Dynamic Password Recovery", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10654322
2.13 [IEEE TIFS'24] "An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Weak Password Collection in Internet of Things Against Perpetual Leakage", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10816436
2.14 [IEEE TIFS'24] "Cross-Layer AKA Protocol for Industrial Control Based on Channel State Information", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10636088
2.15 [IEEE TIFS'23] "Secure and Lightweight User Authentication Scheme for Cloud-Assisted Internet of Things", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10114980
2.16 [IEEE TIFS'23] "Understanding Failures in Security Proofs of Multi-Factor Authentication for Mobile Devices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9975323
2.17 [IEEE TDSC'23] "The Resilience of DoS Attacks in User-Authentication to Preserving The Availability", https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/160723/preprint_pdf/8bda84a9c17bd7c0ac75984768b92690.pdf
2.18 [IEEE TMC'23] "EAKE-WC: Efficient and Anonymous Authenticated Key Exchange Scheme for Wearable Computing", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10190158
2.19 [IEEE TSC'23] "CS-LAKA: A Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol With Critical Security Properties for IoT Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10234025
2.20 [IEEE TSC'23] "QPause: Quantum-Resistant Password-Protected Data Outsourcing for Cloud Storage", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10313065
2.21 [IEEE TDSC'22] "Practical and Provably Secure Three-Factor Authentication Protocol Based on Extended Chaotic-Maps for Mobile Lightweight Devices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9187988
2.22 [IEEE TDSC'21] "Quantum2FA: Efficient Quantum-Resistant Two-Factor Authentication Scheme for Mobile Devices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9623421
2.23 [IEEE TDSC'20] "Quantum-safe round-optimal password authentication for mobile devices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9272675
2.24 [IEEE TSC'19] "Achieving One-Round Password-Based Authenticated Key Exchange over Lattices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8826379
2.25 [IEEE CSCWD'26] "SLAKA-WS: Secure and Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Wearable Devices Used in Sports-IoT", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11581498
2.26 [CCGrid'25] "UMAPE: A UAV-Assisted Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol Using Edge-Computing for Enhanced IoV Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11044849
2.27 [Inscrypt'19] "Two-Round PAKE Protocol over Lattices Without NIZK", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-14234-6_8
2.28 [ICICS'18] "Revisiting Anonymous Two-Factor Authentication Schemes for Multi-Server Environment", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-01950-1_50
2.29 [Computer Networks'26] "SELAP: A security-enhanced lightweight authentication protocol for UAV-assisted VANETs in emergency scenarios", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128626005359
2.30 [Computer Networks'26] "An improved dynamic anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme for resource constrained IoT devices", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128626001052
2.31 [Cybersecurity'26] "Lightweight anonymous authentication and key agreement protocol resistant to desynchronization attacks", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42400-025-00536-5
2.32 [Computer Networks'25] "An enhanced mutual authentication scheme with perfect forward secrecy for UAV networks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128625005377
2.33 [IEEE TITS'25] "An Intelligent Blockchain-Enabled Authentication Protocol for Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10897323/keywords#keywords
2.34 [JSA'25] "Lightweight batch authentication and key agreement scheme for IIoT gateways", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762125000402
2.35 [Computer Networks'24] "Secure and efficient communication approaches for Industry 5.0 in edge computing", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389128624000768
2.36 [IEEE TITS'24] "A Secure Self-Certified Broadcast Authentication Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems in UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10606320
2.37 [IEEE TITS'24] "Design of Blockchain-Based Multi-Domain Authentication Protocol for Secure EV Charging Services in V2G Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10713831
2.38 [JCSS'24] "User-Authentication Protocol to Secure Wireless Sensor Network Access in the Internet of Things Context", https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/459193
2.39 [JSA'24] "A portable blind cloud storage scheme against compromised servers", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762123002163
2.40 [JSA'24] "VSPAKE: Provably secure verifier-based PAKE protocol for client/server model in TLS ciphersuite", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383762124000195
2.41 [JSA'24] "An improved lightweight and privacy preserving authentication scheme for smart grid communication", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383762124001139
2.42 [ACM TOSN'23] "Privacy-Preserving Three-Factor Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Deployed in Agricultural Field", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3607142
2.43 [IEEE TITS'23] "An Authentication and Key Management Framework for Secure and Intelligent Transportation of Internet of Space Things", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10359447
2.44 [JSA'23] "TBVPAKE: An efficient and provably secure verifier-based PAKE protocol for IoT applications", https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S138376212300053X
2.45 [COMNET'22] "SETCAP: Service-Based Energy-Efficient Temporal Credential Authentication Protocol for Internet of Drones", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128622000305
2.46 [COMNET'22] "LAKA-UAV: Lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme for cloud-assisted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using blockchain in flying ad-hoc networks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128623000579?via%3Dihub
2.47 [JSA'22] "ISG-SLAS: Secure and lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme for industrial smart grid using fuzzy extractor", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762122001965?via%3Dihub
2.48 [FCS'21] "On Designing an Unaided Authentication Service with Threat Detection and Leakage Control for Defeating Opportunistic Adversaries", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11704-019-9134-9
2.49 [IEEE TITS'21] "Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme with User Anonymity and Untraceability for 5G-Enabled Softwarized Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9356467
2.50 [Computer Networks'20] "A Lightweight and Secure Two-Factor Authentication Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks in Health-Care IoT", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128619316457
2.51 [COSE'20] "Understanding Security Failures of Multi-Factor Authentication Schemes for Multi-Server Environments", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016740481930166X
2.52 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "Ascon-Based Lightweight and Robust Authentication Scheme for IoT-Enabled Healthcare System", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11372686
2.53 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "Robust and Lightweight User Authentication Scheme Using Deep Learning-Based Cancelable Biometrics in Smart Home Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11359703
2.54 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "CoSMT-LC: Secure Collaborative Marine Traffic Management using Lightweight Cryptography", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11381414
2.55 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "A Robust Tamper-Resistant and Location-Aware Authentication Protocol for Securing Charging Services in V2G Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11534949
2.56 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "A Modeling Attack Resistant PUF-enabled Robust Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11408167
2.57 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "PAMA: Provable-Secure Anonymous Multifactor Authentication With Postquantum Security for IoT-Enabled E-Healthcare Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11534588
2.58 [IEEE IoTJ'26] "BASL-IoD: A Blockchain-Assisted Secure and Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11450384
2.59 [PMC'26] "EPUV: A lightweight protocol for enhancing security and performance in UAV-assisted IoV systems", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119226000477
2.60 [Soft Computing'26] "Quantum-secure lightweight fuzzy extractor based user authentication scheme for internet of medical things", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00500-025-11021-z
2.61 [CCPE'25] "A Robust Lattice Based Post-Quantum Three-Party Key Exchange Scheme for Mobile Devices", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/cpe.70036
2.62 [CCPE'25] "Three Party Post Quantum Secure Lattice Based Construction of Authenticated Key Establishment Protocol for Mobile Communication", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.8369
2.63 [IEEE IoTJ'25] "N3PA-STIN: A Novel Three-Party Authentication Protocol for Multiuser Access in Satellite-Terrestrial-Integrated Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10833874
2.64 [IEEE IoTJ'25] "PLAKA-MD: PUF-Based Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Medical Devices in IoHT", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10906502
2.65 [IEEE IOT'25] "A Machine Learning Attack-Resistant PUF-based Robust and Efficient Mutual Authentication Scheme in Fog-enabled IoT Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10897832
2.66 [JNCA'25] "Addressing security requirements in industrial IoT: A robust three-factor authentication scheme with enhanced features", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804525000979
2.67 [PPNA'25] "An enhanced three-factor based authentication and key agreement protocol using PUF in IoMT", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12083-024-01839-z
2.68 [AHN'24] "User security authentication protocol in multi gateway scenarios of the Internet of Things", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1570870524000386
2.69 [ESWA'24] "A blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving authentication management protocol for Internet of Medical Things", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417423018316
2.70 [IEEE IoT J'24] "PUF-Based Robust and Anonymous Authentication and Key Establishment Scheme for V2G Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10380752
2.71 [IEEE IoTJ'24] "A Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Based on Intelligent Blockchain", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10423784
2.72 [IEEE IoT J'24] "Blockchain-Based Mutual Authentication Protocol for IoT-Enabled Decentralized Healthcare Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10530180
2.73 [IEEE IoT J'24] "Cost-Effective Authenticated Solution (CAS) for 6G-Enabled Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT)", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10496997
2.74 [IEEE IoT J'24] "A Multi Server Authentication Protocol With Integrated Monitoring for IoMT Based Healthcare System", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10697094
2.75 [IEEE IoT J'24] "FA-SMW: Fog-Driven Anonymous Lightweight Access Control for Smart Medical Wearables", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10738468
2.76 [IEEE IoT'24] "Physical unclonable functions and QKD-based authentication scheme for IoT devices using blockchain", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2542660524003457
2.77 [IEEE IOT'24] "VC-MAKA: Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Based on Verifiable Commitment for Internet of Vehicles", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10677410
2.78 [IEEE IOT'24] "A secure user anonymity-preserving biometrics and PUFs-based multi-server authentication scheme with key agreement in 5G Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10734318
2.79 [IEEE IoT J'24] "A Domain Isolated Tripartite Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol With Dynamic Revocation and Online Public Identity Updating for IIoT", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10387290
2.80 [IEEE TII'24] "Secure and Efficient Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Protocol Based on Cancelable Biometrics", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10669093
2.81 [IEEE TNSM'24] "SECURE: Secure and Efficient ProtoCol Using Randomness and Edge-Computing for Drone-Assisted Internet of Vehicles", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10681459
2.82 [MTA'24] "Quantum-safe multi-server password-based authenticated key exchange protocol", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-023-17984-1#citeas
2.83 [PMC'24] "A provably secure and practical end-to-end authentication scheme for tactile Industrial Internet of Things", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119224000038
2.84 [J.Supercomput'24] "TFAS: two factor authentication scheme for blockchain enabled IoMT using PUF and fuzzy extractor", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-023-05507-6
2.85 [Comput Commun'23] "Honey-list based authentication protocol for industrial IoT swarms", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366423003225
2.86 [IEEE IoTJ'23] "A Provably Secure and Lightweight Access Control Protocol for EI-based Vehicle to Grid Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10106407
2.87 [IEEE IoTJ'23] "A Post-Quantum Compliant Authentication Scheme for IoT Healthcare Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10241298
2.88 [IEEE TNSM'23] "SecEdge: Secure Edge-Computing Based Hybrid Approach for Data Collection and Searching in IoV", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10196053
2.89 [JISA'23] "Provably secure and lightweight three-factor authentication scheme for industrial medical CPS", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212623002405
2.90 [AHN'22] "A Secure Three-Factor Authentication Scheme for Multi-Gateway Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870521002481
2.91 [CCPE'22] "A secure protocol for patient monitoring in wireless body area networks", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpe.7676
2.92 [IEEE IoTJ'22] "A Robust Authentication Protocol for Wireless Medical Sensor Networks Using Blockchain and Physically Unclonable Functions", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9766168
2.93 [IEEE TII'22] "An Efficient and Provably Secure Certificateless Protocol for Industrial Internet of Things", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9729405
2.94 [IET IS'22] "Efficient module learning with errors-based post-quantum password-authenticated key exchange", https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/ise2.12094
2.95 [MTA'22] "A secure elliptic curve based anonymous authentication and key establishment mechanism for IoT and cloud", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-022-14140-z
2.96 [PPNA'22] "A secure and efficient authentication protocol for wireless applications in multi-server environment", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12083-022-01323-6
2.97 [SCN'22] "An Enhanced RFID-Based Authentication Protocol using PUF for Vehicular Cloud Computing", https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/8998339.pdf
2.98 [SCN'22] "Extremely Lightweight PUF-based Batch Authentication Protocol for End-Edge-Cloud Hierarchical Smart Grid", https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2022/9774853.pdf
2.99 [Supercomput'22] "A Provably Secure Lightweight Authentication Protocol in Mobile Edge Computing Environments", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-022-04411-9
2.100 [CPE'21] "Provably Secure Signature-Based Anonymous User Authentication Protocol in an Internet of Things-Enabled Intelligent Precision Agricultural Environment", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cpe.6187
2.101 [FGCS'21] "Security Preservation in Industrial Medical CPS Using Chebyshev map: An AI Approach", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X21000881
2.102 [IEEE IoT'21] "Secure Multifactor Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Industrial IoT", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9199812
2.103 [IEEE IoT'21] "Designing Secure User Authentication Protocol for Big Data Collection in IoT-Based Intelligent Transportation System", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9272616
2.104 [JISA'21] "A Blockchain Based Secure Communication Framework for Community Interaction", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212621000351
2.105 [PPNA'21] "An Efficient Three-Factor Remote User Authentication Protocol Based on BPV-FourQ for Internet of Drones", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12083-021-01130-5
2.106 [SCN'21] "Improved ECC-Based Three-Factor Multiserver Authentication Scheme", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/6627956/
2.107 [SCN'21] "A Provably Secure Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9944460/
2.108 [SCN'21] "Fog-Driven Secure Authentication and Key Exchange Scheme for Wearable Health Monitoring System", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/8368646/
2.109 [SCN'21] "Revisiting a Multifactor Authentication Scheme in Industrial IoT", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/9995832/
2.110 [SCN'21] "Attacks and Solutions for a Two-Factor Authentication Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/3116593/
2.111 [SCN'21] "A Blockchain-Based Hierarchical Authentication Scheme for Multiserver Architecture", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/5592119/
2.112 [SCN'21] "Improved Secure and Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Next-Generation IoT Infrastructure", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/6537678/
2.113 [WCMC'21] "Provably Secure Client-Server Key Management Scheme in 5G Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/4083199/
2.114 [WCMC'21] "A Provably Secure Three-Factor Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.proquest.com/docview/2518013358?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
2.115 [WCMC'21] "Provably Secure ECC-Based Three-Factor Authentication Scheme for Mobile Cloud Computing with Offline Registration Centre", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2021/8848032/
2.116 [TCPS'20] "Efficient Multi-Factor User Authentication Protocol with Forward Secrecy for Real-Time Data Access in WSNs", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3325130
2.117 [IEEE IoT'20] "Certificateless-Signcryption-Based Three-Factor User Access Control Scheme for IoT Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8957688
2.118 [IoT'20] "Security and Privacy-Preserving in E-health: a New Framework for Patient", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660520301220
2.119 [JISA'20] "Multi-Authority CP-ABE-Based User Access Control Scheme with Constant-Size Key and Ciphertext for IoT Deployment", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212619310178
2.120 [SCN'20] "Cryptanalysis and Security Improvement of Two Authentication Schemes for Healthcare Systems Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/5047379/
2.121 [WCMC'20] "A Robust IoT-Based Three-Factor Authentication Scheme for Cloud Computing Resistant to Session Key Exposure", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/3805058/
2.122 [WCMC'20] "An Improved Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Wearable Health Monitoring Systems", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2020/5686498/
2.123 [IEEE IoT J'19] "A Provably Secure and Lightweight Anonymous User Authenticated Session Key Exchange Scheme for Internet of Things Deployment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8737718
2.124 [IEEE IoT J'19] "Shake to Communicate: Secure Handshake Acceleration-Based Pairing Mechanism for Wrist Worn Devices", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8664100/
2.125 [IEEE TII'19] "Provably Secure Fine-Grained Data Access Control Over Multiple Cloud Servers in Mobile Cloud Computing Based Healthcare Applications", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8334302
2.126 [IEEE TII'19] "Lightweight and Physically Secure Anonymous Mutual Authentication Protocol for Real-Time Data Access in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8625559/
2.127 [SCN'19] "A Lightweight Secure User Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2019/2136506/
2.128 [SCN'19] "A Generic Multifactor Authenticated Key Exchange with Physical Unclonable Function", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2019/5935292/
2.129 [SCN'19] "Efficient Hierarchical Authentication Protocol for Multiserver Architecture", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/2523834/
2.130 [IEEE TII'18] "Measuring Two-Factor Authentication Schemes for Real-Time Data Access in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8356145
2.131 [IEEE TSUSC'18] "A Mobile Intelligent Terminal Based Anonymous Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol for Roaming Service in Global Mobility Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8320857
2.132 [SCN'18] "A Secure and Anonymous Two-Factor Authentication Protocol in Multiserver Environment", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/9062675/
2.133 [WCMC'18] "Trusted Authority Assisted Three-Factor Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for the Implantable Medical System", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/7579161/
2.134 [WCMC'18] "Cryptanalysis and Security Enhancement of Three Authentication Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/8539674/
2.135 [WCMC'18] "A Provably Secure Anonymous Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol Based on ECC for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/2484268/
2.136 [JISA'16] "Design of a Secure Smart Card-Based Multi-Server Authentication Scheme", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212616300758
2.137 [CEE'26] "An anonymous and secure authentication protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted and radio frequency identification-based vehicular Ad Hoc Networks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004579062600409X
2.138 [Electronic'26] "PUF-Based Secure Authentication Protocol for Cloud-Assisted Wireless Medical Sensor Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/1/240
2.139 [IEEE TCE'26] "Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Securing IoMT-Based Consumer Smart Healthcare Using Reinforcement Learning-as-a-Service", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11593858
2.140 [IEEE TCE'26] "Blockchain-PUF Fusion for Privacy-Preserving Authentication against AI-enabled Attacks in Consumer IoT Systems", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11393448
2.141 [IEEE TNSE'26] "Fixing Drone Auth: A Practical and Secure, Blockchain-Enabled UAV Authentication Scheme", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11391657
2.142 [IEEE TSG'26] "PQMFA: Lightweight and Provably Secure Post-Quantum Multi-Factor Authentication Key Exchange Scheme for Smart Grid", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11432946
2.143 [Mathematics'26] "Security-Enhanced Vehicle-to-Roadside Unit Authentication Scheme for Internet of Vehicles", https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/2/377
2.144 [Sensors'26] "A PUF-Based Secure and Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Medical IoT Environments", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/10/3223
2.145 [SSC'26] "Enhanced OTP and facial recognition for e-learning authentication", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772941926000049
2.146 [AEJ'25] "Provably secure biometric and PUF-based authentication for roaming service in global mobility network", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016824014947
2.147 [Applied Sciences'25] "A Secure and Efficient Authentication Scheme for Fog-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1229
2.148 [Clust. Comput.'25] "K-PAKE: post quantum password authentication key exchange protocol for satellite networks", https://link.springer.com/journal/10586
2.149 [CMC'25] "Unleashing the Potential of Metaverse in Social IoV: An Authentication Protocol Based on Blockchain", https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v84n2/62921/pdf
2.150 [CSI'25] "AHA-BV: Access and handover authentication protocol with batch verification for satellite-terrestrial integrated networks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920548924000394
2.151 [IEEE TCE'25] "A Machine Learning Attack Resilient Authentication Protocol for AI-Driven Consumer Wearable Health Monitoring", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11099547
2.152 [Mathematics'25] "Blockchain-Based Secure Authentication Protocol for Fog-Enabled IoT Environments", https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2142
2.153 [Nature report'25] "Provably secure and lightweight blockchain based cross hospital authentication scheme for IoMT-based healthcare", https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90219-5.pdf
2.154 [PCS'25] "Lightweight identity authentication protocol for Internet of Things devices", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050925011226
2.155 [Sensors'25] "A PUF-Based Secure Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for the Internet of Drones", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/982
2.156 [AEEE'24] "A biometric and physically unclonable function-Based authentication protocol for payload exchanges in internet of drones", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772671124000536
2.157 [Ain Shams Engineering Journal'24] "A biometric and PUF-based authentication with Preserving anonymity in smart grid environment", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447924004672
2.158 [Heliyon'24] "Securing the IoT-enabled smart healthcare system: A PUF-based resource-efficient authentication mechanism", https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(24)13608-0
2.159 [IEEE Access'24] "Trust-Enabled Energy Efficient Protocol for Secure Remote Sensing in Supply Chain Management", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10634105
2.160 [IEEE Access'24] "Physical-Unclonable-Function-based Secure and Anonymous User Authentication for Smart Homes", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10757410
2.161 [IEEE JSYST'24] "An Adaptive Synchronous Lightweight AKA Protocol With Authority Management for Wireless Medical Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818977
2.162 [IEEE TVT'24] "Provably Secure Authentication Scheme for Fog Computing-Enabled Intelligent Social Internet of Vehicles", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10487900
2.163 [IJIT'24] "IFTTT'based secure smart farming monitoring system: data integrity and agricultural optimization", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41870-024-01894-y
2.164 [PeerJ Comput. Sci.'24] "A new lattice-based password authenticated key exchange scheme with anonymity and reusable key,", https://peerj.com/articles/cs-1791.pdf
2.165 [PeerJ Comput. Sci.'24] "Password authenticated key exchangebased on Kyber for mobile devices", https://peerj.com/articles/cs-1960.pdf
2.166 [TETT'24] "A probably secure biometric-based authentication and key agreement scheme for Internet of Drones", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ett.4893
2.167 [Veh. Commun.'24] "Multi-TA model-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication protocol for fog-enabled VANET", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214209624000603
2.168 [ApplSci'23] "Fine-Auth: A Fine-Grained User Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Based on Physical Unclonable Functions for Wireless Body Area Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/22/12376
2.169 [ApplSci'23] "A Robust and Effective Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Protocol Based on ECC for Mobile Computing", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/7/4425
2.170 [CMC'23] "A Secure and Efficient Information Authentication Scheme for E-Healthcare System", https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v76n3/54323
2.171 [CMES'23] "Amassing the Security: An Enhanced Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Remote Surgery in Healthcare Environment", https://www.techscience.com/CMES/v134n1/49449/pdf
2.172 [Electronics'23] "Secure and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme Using Decentralized Identifier in Metaverse Environment", https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/19/4073
2.173 [EURASIP JWCN'23] "Rotating behind security: an enhanced authentication protocol for IoT-enabled devices in distributed cloud computing architecture", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13638-023-02245-4
2.174 [IC2IE'23] "Secure Authentication in an IoT-Based Healthcare Environment with Strong Anonymity and Unclonable Device", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10331538
2.175 [IEEE Access'23] "A Construction of Three Party Post Quantum Secure Authenticated Key Exchange Using Ring Learning With Errors and ECC Cryptography", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10287947
2.176 [IEEE Secur Priv'23] "A robust and secure user authentication scheme based on multifactor and multi-gateway in IoT enabled sensor networks", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/spy2.335
2.177 [IEEE Sensors J'23] "Untraceable and Unclonable Sensor Movement in the Distributed IoT Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9970525
2.178 [IEEE TCE'23] "Sustainable Secure Communication in Consumer-Centric Electric Vehicle Charging in Industry 5.0 Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10345490
2.179 [IEEE TV'23] "SPAKE-DC: A Secure PUF Enabled Authenticated Key Exchange for 5G-based Drone Communications", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10336553
2.180 [J King Saud Univ Sci'23] "Provably secure authentication for the internet of vehicles", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157823002756
2.181 [JAIT'23] "The Improvement of PUF-Based Authentication in IoT Systems", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374123046_The_Improvement_of_PUF-Based_Authentication_in_IoT_Systems
2.182 [Mathematics'23] "Enhancing the Security: A Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Medical Services in the IoHT", https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/17/3701
2.183 [Mathematics'23] "A Lightweight and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Healthcare in an IoT Environment", https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/18/3857
2.184 [Sensors'23] "Provably Secure Lightweight Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Cloud-Based IoT Environments", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9766
2.185 [Sensors'23] "A Rivest-Shamir-Adleman-Based Robust and Effective Three-Factor User Authentication Protocol for Healthcare Use in Wireless Body Area Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8992
2.186 [Sensors'23] "Robust and Efficient Authentication and Group-Proof Scheme Using Physical Unclonable Functions for Wearable Computing", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/12/5747
2.187 [Sensors'23] "Provably Secure Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme Using PUF in Internet of Drones Deployments", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/2034
2.188 [Sustainability'23] "Provably Secure Dynamic Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Internet of Things", https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5734
2.189 [TETT'23] "Privacy-preserving authentication scheme for digital twin-enabled autonomous vehicle environments", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ett.4751
2.190 [Veh. Commun.'23] "A provably secure key transfer protocol for the fog-enabled Social Internet of Vehicles based on a confidential computing environment", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214209622001140
2.191 [CEE'22] "A Low-Cost Privacy Preserving User Access in Mobile Edge Computing Framework", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045790622000143
2.192 [CEE'22] "A secure and efficient computation based multifactor authentication scheme for Intelligent IoT-enabled WSNs", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045790622007108?via%3Dihub
2.193 [CMC'22] "Blockchain-Based Robust Data Security Scheme in IoT-Enabled Smart Home", https://techscience.com/cmc/v72n2/47203/pdf
2.194 [IEEE TNSE'22] "EV-PUF: Lightweight Security Protocol for Dynamic Charging System of Electric Vehicles Using Physical Unclonable Functions", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9809791
2.195 [IEEE TVT'22] "SLAP-IoD: Secure and Lightweight Authentication Protocol Using Physical Unclonable Functions for Internet of Drones in Smart City Environments", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9816023
2.196 [IEEE TVT'22] "HOOPOE: High Performance and Efficient Anonymous Handover Authentication Protocol for Flying Out of Zone UAVs", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10082875
2.197 [IJDSN'22] "A provably secure and lightweight mutual authentication protocol in fog-enabled social Internet of vehicles", https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15501329221104332
2.198 [SciChina'22] "Efficient Privacy-Preserving User Authentication Scheme with Forward Secrecy for Industry 4.0", http://scis.scichina.com/en/2022/112301.pdf
2.199 [Drones'21] "Amassing the Security: An Enhanced Authentication Protocol for Drone Communications over 5G Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/1/10/htm
2.200 [ETT'21] "Fuzzy Vault-Based Three-Factor Authentication and Key Exchange for 5G-Integrated Wireless Sensor Networks", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ett.3925?saml_referrer
2.201 [ICISC'21] "Practical Post-quantum Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Based-on Module-Lattice", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-08896-4_7
2.202 [IEEE Access'21] "On the Design of Lightweight and Secure Mutual Authentication System for Global Roaming in Resource-Limited Mobility Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9319149
2.203 [IEEE Access'21] "Lightweight three-factor-based Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for IoT-Enabled Smart Homes", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9531969
2.204 [IEEE JSYST'21] "DssP: Efficient Dual-Server Secret Sharing Protocol Based on Password Authentication for Cloud Storage Services", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9598891
2.205 [IEEE TNSE'21] "Secure and Efficient Honey List-Based Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9468344
2.206 [IEEE TVT'21] "Block-CLAP: Blockchain-Assisted Certificateless Key Agreement Protocol for Internet of Vehicles in Smart Transportation", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9462433
2.207 [IEEE TVT'21] "On the Design of Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol in Internet of Vehicles-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9319539
2.208 [ISPEC'21] "PUOKMS: Password-Protected Updatable Oblivious Key Management System for Cloud Storage", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-93206-0_8
2.209 [MISY'21] "A Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Using Fog Nodes in Social Internet of Vehicles", https://www.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2021/3277113/
2.210 [Sensors'21] "WSN-SLAP: Secure and Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/936/htm
2.211 [Sensors'21] "A Secure and Lightweight Authentication Protocol for IoT-Based Smart Homes", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1488/htm
2.212 [Sensors'21] "Provably Secure Three-Factor-Based Mutual Authentication Scheme with PUF for Wireless Medical Sensor Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6039/htm
2.213 [SYSARC'21] "ICAS: Two-Factor Identity-Concealed Authentication Scheme for Remote-Servers", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762121000655
2.214 [Sysarc'21] "Understanding Security Failures of Anonymous Authentication Schemes for Cloud Environments", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762121001478
2.215 [Sysarc'21] "Secure User Authentication Mechanism for IoT-enabled Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiple Bloom Filters", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762121002058
2.216 [Sysarc'21] "BUAKA-CS: Blockchain-Enabled User Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Crowdsourcing System", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762121002563
2.217 [ApplSci'20] "Privacy-Preserving Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Demand Response Management in Smart Grid Environment", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/5/1758/htm
2.218 [ApplSci'20] "A Secure and Efficient Three-Factor Authentication Protocol in Global Mobility Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/10/3565/htm
2.219 [ApplSci'20] "Secure Key Agreement and Authentication Protocol for Message Confirmation in Vehicular Cloud Computing", https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6268/htm
2.220 [Cryptologia'20] "Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Authentication Scheme for Roaming Service in Ubiquitous Network", https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01611194.2019.1706061
2.221 [IEEE Access'20] "Securing Smart City Surveillance: A Lightweight Authentication Mechanism for Unmanned Vehicles", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9020140
2.222 [IEEE Access'20] "IoV-SMAP: Secure and Efficient Message Authentication Protocol for IoV in Smart City Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9187911
2.223 [IEEE Access'20] "On the Design of Secure and Efficient Three-Factor Authentication Protocol Using Honey List for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9110891
2.224 [IEEE Access'20] "LAKS-NVT: Provably Secure and Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme without Verification Table in Medical Internet of Things", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9127942
2.225 [IEEE Access'20] "A Physically Secure, Lightweight Three-Factor and Anonymous User Authentication Protocol for IoT", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9240926
2.226 [IEEE Access'20] "Efficient and Provably Secure Anonymous User Authentication Scheme for Patient Monitoring Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9026939
2.227 [IJCA'20] "Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Mutual Authentication Protocol for Real-Time Data Access in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1206212X.2020.1825159
2.228 [JAIHC'20] "ILAS-IoT: An Improved and Lightweight Authentication Scheme for IoT Deployment", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12652-020-02349-5
2.229 [JSSS'20] "Revisiting Three Anonymous Two-Factor Authentication Schemes for Roaming Service in Global Mobility Networks", https://jsssjournal.com/article/view/4153
2.230 [SciChina'20] "A Privacy Preserving Two-Factor Authentication Protocol for the Bitcoin SPV Nodes", http://scis.scichina.com/en/2020/130103.pdf
2.231 [Sensors'20] "An Efficient, Anonymous and Robust Authentication Scheme for Smart Home Environments", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1215/htm
2.232 [Sensors'20] "SLUA-WSN: Secure and Lightweight Three-Factor-Based User Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4143/htm
2.233 [IEEE Access'19] "A Dynamic Privacy-Preserving Key Management Protocol for V2G in Social Internet of Thing", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8732338/
2.234 [IEEE Access'19] "A Secure Authentication Protocol for Multi-Server-Based E-Healthcare Using a Fuzzy Commitment Scheme", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8620682
2.235 [IEEE Access'19] "Physically Secure Lightweight Anonymous User Authentication Protocol for Internet of Things Using Physically Unclonable Functions", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8754672
2.236 [IEEE JSYST'19] "Insider Attack Protection: Lightweight Password-Based Authentication Techniques Using ECC", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8820037
2.237 [IEEE TVT'19] "TCALAS: Temporal Credential-Based Anonymous Lightweight Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones Environment", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8693567
2.238 [IJCS'19] "An Efficient Anonymous User Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dac.4724
2.239 [ISPEC'19] "Provably Secure Three-party Password-based Authenticated Key Exchange from RLWE", https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1386.pdf
2.240 [MBE'19] "Verifier-Based Anonymous Password-Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol in the Standard Model", https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/504d/8343b6ca964bc9a37064847ae4bcfab372bd.pdf
2.241 [Sensors'18] "A Multi-Server Two-Factor Authentication Scheme with Un-Traceability Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2394/htm
2.242 [IEEE Access'17] "On the Design of Provably Secure Lightweight Remote User Authentication Scheme for Mobile Cloud Computing Services", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8076841
2.243 [IEEE Access'17] "Provably Secure and Efficient Authentication Protocol for Roaming Service in Global Mobility Networks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8107484
2.244 [Sensors'17] "An Enhanced Three-Factor User Authentication Scheme Using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Wireless Sensor Networks", https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/12/2946/htm


### 3 Password Policies
3.1 [IEEE TIFS'22] "Dynamically Generate Password Policy via Zipf Distribution", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9715109
3.2 [COSE'24] "Decoding developer password patterns: A comparative analysis of password extraction and selection practices", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404824002797
3.3 [J. Cybersecurity'23] "A Generator Framework for Password Policy Based on Frequency and Entropy", http://www.journalofcybersec.com/CN/Y2023/V2/I2/73


### 4 Password Leakage detection
4.1 [IEEE S&P'22] "How to Attack and Generate Honeywords", https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sp/2022/131600a489/1wKCexo0aoE
4.2 [USENIX SEC'22] "Might I Get Pwned: A Second Generation Compromised Credential Checking Service", https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~chatterjee/papers/usenix22-pal.pdf
4.3 [USENIX SEC'20] "Detecting Stuffing of a User's Credentials at Her Own Account", https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec20-wang.pdf
4.4 [NDSS'18] "A Security Analysis of Honeyword", http://wangdingg.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/3/6/20366987/ndss18final_fullv9.pdf
4.5 [IEEE TIFS'26] "On the Insecurity of Internally Sampled Honeyword Schemes", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11494073
4.6 [Arxiv'23] "Reveal the Mathematical Structures of Honeyword Security Metrics", https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.10960
4.7 [ACM CSUR'22] "Honeyword-based Authentication Techniques for Protecting Passwords: A Survey", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3552431


### 5 Password Hashing algorithms
5.1 [IEEE S&P'18] "On the Economics of Offline Password Cracking", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8418642/
5.2 [IEEE CSF'16] "CASH: A Cost Asymmetric Secure Hash Algorithm for Optimal Password Protection", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7536388
5.3 [PETS'22] "DALock: Password Distribution Aware Throttling", https://wayworkshop.org/2019/papers/way2019-blocki.pdf
5.4 [TOMM'25] "Pivot: Panoramic-Image-Based VR User Authentication against Side-Channel Attacks", https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3694975


### 6 Password encryption
6.1 [ACM CCS'25] "How to Design Secure Honey Vault Schemes", https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3719027.3765162
6.2 [IEEE S&P'15] "GenoGuard: Protecting Genomic Data against Brute-Force Attacks", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7163041/
6.3 [IEEE TIFS'24] "QPASE: Quantum-Resistant Password-Authenticated Searchable Encryption for Cloud Storage", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10458707
6.4 [JISA'19] "Freestyle, a Randomized Version of ChaCha for Resisting Offline Brute-Force and Dictionary Attacks", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212618307634


### 7 Password characteristic analysis
7.1 [USENIX SEC'24] "The Impact of Exposed Passwords on Honeyword Efficacy", https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity24-huang-zonghao.pdf
7.2 [IEEE S&P'23] "Towards a Rigorous Statistical Analysis of Empirical Password Datasets", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10179431
7.3 [USENIX SEC'19] "Birthday, Name and Bifacial-Security: Understanding Passwords of Chinese Web Users", https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec19-wang-ding.pdf
7.4 [ACM SENSYS'24] "Behaviors Speak More: Achieving User Authentication Leveraging Facial Activities via mmWave Sensing", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3666025.3699330
7.5 [IEEE TIFS'24] "A Novel Evaluation Framework for Biometric Security: Assessing Guessing Difficulty as a Metric", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10669108
7.6 [IEEE TIFS'23] "New Observations on Zipf's Law in Passwords", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/97777142.190
7.7 [AsiaCCS'17] "Understanding Human-Chosen PINs: Characteristics, Distribution and Security", https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3052973.3053031
7.8 [SecureComm'17] "Exploring the Network of Real-World Passwords: Visualization and Estimation", https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-78813-5_8
7.9 [Cybersecurity'26] "Security and characteristics of Japanese user-created passwords: a comprehensive analysis", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42400-025-00412-2
7.10 [ACM TOPS'24] "The Effect of Domain Terms on Password Security", https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3703350
7.11 [COSE'20] "Passphrase and Keystroke Dynamics Authentication: Usable Security", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404820302017
7.12 [IEEE IoT J'24] "Special Characters Usage and Its Effect on Password Security", https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10439974/keywords#keywords
7.13 [KBS'24] "Marshall-Olkin power-law distributions in length-frequency of entities", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705123006925
7.14 [JISA'22] "A Large-scale Analysis of Wi-Fi Passwords", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214212622000722
7.15 [CVHT'21] "Zipf's Law Analysis on the Leaked Iranian Users' Passwords", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11416-021-00397-9